';newWin.document.write(NewDocumentWrite);// newWin.addEventListener('load',function(){// });newWin.print();newWin.close();}/* * @function for print article */ function tn_print_fn(){var tn_current_url=window.location.href;if(check_comment == true){ window.open(tn_current_url+'?print=1&comment=1','_blank');}else{ window.open(tn_current_url+'?print=1','_blank');}return false;}/* * @function sailthru action tout */function add_action_tout_sailthru(post_id){var ajaxurl=ajax_object.ajax_url;var sailthru_email_take_action = document.getElementById('take_action_sailthru_email_'+post_id).value;if(sailthru_email_take_action!=''){var take_action_sailthru_list_final = document.getElementById('take_action_sailthru_list_final_'+post_id).value;var action_tout_sailthru='action_tout_sailthru';jQuery.ajax({url :ajaxurl,type :"POST",data :"sailthru_email_take_action="+sailthru_email_take_action+"&take_action_sailthru_list_final="+take_action_sailthru_list_final+"&action="+action_tout_sailthru,success : function(data){document.getElementById('action_tout_response_'+post_id).innerHTML=data;document.getElementById('take_action_sailthru_email_'+post_id).value='';}});}else{var error_msg='Please Enter Email';document.getElementById('action_tout_response_'+post_id).innerHTML=error_msg;}}/* * Check for logged in user */function getParaOneNextStep( articlePostId, step ){if( typeof articlePostId !== typeof undefined && is_user_logged_in!=null && typeof paragraph_module!=typeof undefined && paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].user_logged_in==1 ){step = parseInt(step)+1;step = ( step > 5 )? 0 : step;step = getParaOneNextStep( articlePostId, step );}return step;}/* * @function Email Sign Up Logic */function email_signup_module( articlePostId ){/* * Check For Email Sign Up Cookie */if( typeof paragraph_module[articlePostId] !== typeof undefined ){ /* Hide All */$(".abody-"+articlePostId+" .email-signup-module").hide();/* Hide All */var TNstep = getCookie('TNstep');if( TNstep!=null ){var step = getParaOneNextStep(articlePostId, TNstep);$(".abody-"+articlePostId+" .email-signup-module.para-one-"+paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].order+"").show();/* show event tracking */paragraphOneShowEvent(articlePostId, step);/* show event tracking */}else{var TNlifetime = getCookie('TNlifetime');if( TNlifetime!=null ){nextTNstep = parseInt(TNlifetime)+1;nextTNstep = ( nextTNstep > 5 )? 0 : nextTNstep;var step = getParaOneNextStep(articlePostId, nextTNstep);var cookieDateTNstep = new Date();cookieDateTNstep.setTime(cookieDateTNstep.getTime() + (30*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNstep="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNstep.toUTCString()+";path=/";var cookieDateTNlifetime = new Date();cookieDateTNlifetime.setTime(cookieDateTNlifetime.getTime() + (10*365*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNlifetime="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNlifetime.toUTCString()+";path=/";$(".abody-"+articlePostId+" .email-signup-module.para-one-"+paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].order+"").show();/* show event tracking */paragraphOneShowEvent(articlePostId,step);/* show event tracking */}else{var step = getParaOneNextStep(articlePostId, 0);var cookieDateTNstep = new Date();cookieDateTNstep.setTime(cookieDateTNstep.getTime() + (30*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNstep="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNstep.toUTCString()+";path=/";var cookieDateTNlifetime = new Date();cookieDateTNlifetime.setTime(cookieDateTNlifetime.getTime() + (10*365*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNlifetime="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNlifetime.toUTCString()+";path=/";$(".abody-"+articlePostId+" .email-signup-module.para-one-"+paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].order+"").show();/* show event tracking */paragraphOneShowEvent(articlePostId, step);/* show event tracking */}}}} /* * Event Tracking Functions */ /* Paragraph One Show Event Trigger */ function paragraphOneShowEvent( articlePostId, step ){if( typeof articlePostId !== typeof undefined && typeof step !== typeof undefined && (typeof paragraph_module[articlePostId] !== typeof undefined) && (paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name!="") ){/* * Track Views paragraph one module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaParagraphOneShowEvent','gaEventCategory': ''+ paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name +'','gaEventAction': ''+ paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name +'-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}/* Paragraph One Click Event Trigger */function paragraphOneClickEvent( articlePostId, step ){if( typeof articlePostId !== typeof undefined && typeof step !== typeof undefined && (typeof paragraph_module[articlePostId] !== typeof undefined) && (paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name!="") ){dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaParagraphOneEvent','gaEventCategory': ''+ paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name +'','gaEventAction': ''+ paragraph_module[articlePostId][step].event_name +'-click','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}/* * Event Tracking Functions */ /* Related Single Article */ function relatedSingleArticle( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.related-oneup").length > 0 ){var count = jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.related-oneup").length;for( i=0; i < count; i++ ){/* * Track Views Related Single Article GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRelatedSingleArticleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'related-single-article','gaEventAction': 'related-single-article-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}} /* Related Multi Article */ function relatedMultiArticle( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.related-multi").length > 0 ){var count = jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.related-multi").length;for( i=0; i < count; i++ ){/* * Track Views Related Single Article GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRelatedMultiArticleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'related-multi-article','gaEventAction': 'related-multi-article-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}} /* Current Issue Module */ function currentIssueModule( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.current-issue").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Current Issue Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaCurrentIssueModuleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'current-issue-module','gaEventAction': 'current-issue-module-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Inline CTA 1 Views */ function inlineCtaOne( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.inline-cta-1").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Current Issue Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaOneShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-1','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-1-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Inline CTA 2 Views */ function inlineCtaTwo( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.inline-cta-2").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Current Issue Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaTwoShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-2','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-2-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}function inlineCtaSignup( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.inline-cta_form").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Current Issue Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaSignupShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-signup','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-signup-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Author Highlight Views */ function authorHighlight( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.author-modules").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Author Highlight GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaAuthorHighlightShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'author-Highlight','gaEventAction': 'author-Highlight-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Series Module Views */ function seriesModule( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.series-modules").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Series Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaSeriesModuleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'series-module','gaEventAction': 'series-module-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Comment Module Views */ function commentModule( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.comment-module").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Comment Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaCommentsModuleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'comments-module','gaEventAction': 'comments-module-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Books Salad Views */ function booksSalad( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.book-module").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Books Salad GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaBooksSaladShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'books-salad','gaEventAction': 'books-salad-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Action Tout Module Views */ function actionToutModule( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.takeaction").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Action Tout Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaActionToutModuleShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'action-tout-module','gaEventAction': 'action-tout-module-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Sidebar Community Module Views */ function sidebarCommunityModule( articlePostId ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-reduce").length ==0 || jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" .expand-close").length !=0 ){if( jQuery(".postid-"+articlePostId+" aside.n-community").length > 0 ){/* * Track Views Sidebar Community Module GTM */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaSidebarShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'sidebar-community','gaEventAction': 'sidebar-community-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}}}/* Taxnonomy and Author GA Event on single article page */function gaTaxonomyAuthor( gaEventCategory, gaEventAction, gaEventLabel ){dataLayer.push({"event": "gaglobaltaxonomyauthor", "gaEventCategory": gaEventCategory, "gaEventAction":gaEventAction,"gaEventLabel":gaEventLabel});}jQuery( document ).ready(function($) {/*============== Variables ==================*/var preventLoad_article = false;var flag = false;var $e = $('.article-body').children().last(); var $t = $e.prop("tagName");var tagsArray = ['FORM','ASIDE'];var anothertagsArray = {'UL':'li','OL':'li','BLOCKQUOTE':'p'};var url_id = window.location.hash.substr(1);var pageChange = 1;var articlePostId = 435288;var count = 1;var article_divider = 1;var loagAgn = false;var scroll_art_recric = true;var list;/*============== Variables ==================*//* Taxnonomy and Author GA Event on single article page */var allSubject = $('.postid-'+articlePostId+' input[name="tpTags"]').val();var allAuthor = $('.postid-'+articlePostId+' input[name="tpContentAuthor"]').val();var first_article_title = $('.postid-'+articlePostId).attr('articlelisttitle');var first_article_path = $('.postid-'+articlePostId).attr('articlelistlinks');var allSubject = allSubject.split(',');$.each( allSubject, function( i, allsubval ) {gaTaxonomyAuthor( allsubval, first_article_title, first_article_path );});var allAuthor = allAuthor.split(',');$.each( allAuthor, function( i, allautval ) {gaTaxonomyAuthor( allautval, first_article_title, first_article_path );});/* * Body content image in gallery */$('section.article-body img').each(function() {if($(this).parent("a").parent("figure").hasClass('bx-item')){flag = true;}else{var href_val = $(this).parent("a").attr('href');var img_src = $(this).attr('src');if( href_val === img_src && !$(this).parents().hasClass("email-signup-module") ){$(this).parent("a").addClass("gallery");}else{if( !$(this).parent("a").hasClass("no-target-blank") ){$(this).parent("a").attr('target','_blank');}}}});/* * Run image slider */if(flag){runSlider(jQuery('.gallery-2'));}/* * Email Sign Up */if(!flag){email_signup_module( 435288 );}/* * Article N logo */articleNLogo( 435288 ); /* * Related Single Article Track */relatedSingleArticle( 435288 );/* * Related Multiple Article Track */relatedMultiArticle( 435288 ); /* * Current Issue Module Track */currentIssueModule( 435288 ); /* * Inline CTA One Track */inlineCtaOne( 435288 ); /* * Inline CTA Two Track */inlineCtaTwo( 435288 );/* * Inline CTA Signup Track */inlineCtaSignup( 435288 );/* * Author Highlight Track */authorHighlight( 435288 ); /* * Series Module Track */seriesModule( 435288 );/* * Comment Module Track */commentModule( 435288 );/* * Books Salad Track */booksSalad( 435288 );/* * Action Tout Module Track */actionToutModule( 435288 );/* * Sidebar Community Module Track */sidebarCommunityModule( 435288 ); /* * @function for print article *//* * Check for video *//* * Red dot after article content */if(jQuery.inArray($t, tagsArray )!='-1'){}else{ if($t in anothertagsArray){$('.article-body > p:last-of-type').toggleClass('changed');$e.find(anothertagsArray[$t]+':last').addClass('redotclass'); } }/* * this wrapped in jQuery will give us the current .letter-q div */$('figure').each(function(){if( $(this).hasClass('alignright')||$(this).hasClass('alignleft') || $(this).hasClass('aligncenter') ){ $(this).after('
');}});/* * Scroll IF # id exist in URL */if(url_id!=''){var s = url_id;var n = s.indexOf('/');if(n!=''&& typeof n!= 'undefined'){var id_var = s.substring(0, n != -1 ? n : s.length);$('html, body').animate({scrollTop: $('#'+id_var).offset().top},2000);return false;}}/* * Check for audio *//* * script to handle Back Button Event */if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent('onpopstate', datHash);}function datHash(event){var str = $('#goback').val();if(str==''){window.history.go(-Math.abs(pageChange));}else{window.history.go(-Math.abs(pageChange));}return false;}/* * */$('.post-edit-link').attr('href', function( _, action){return action.replace('https', 'http');}); /* * @function for load article in infinite scroll */ $('a.inifiniteLoader').hide(); function loadArticle(pageNumber){$('a.inifiniteLoader').show('fast');$.ajax({url : "https://www.thenation.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php",type : 'POST',cache : false,dataType : 'json',data : {action:'infinite_scroll',page_no: pageNumber,loop_file: 'articleload',slug:'climate-change,cultural-criticism-and-analysis,feminism,globalization,history,labor,sustainability',curr_post_id:'435288'},success : function(receivedHTML){if ( typeof receivedHTML == 'object' && receivedHTML!=null ){if(typeof receivedHTML.html!=='undefined' && receivedHTML.html!=''){html = receivedHTML.html;}}else{$('a.inifiniteLoader').hide();$("#single_article_footer").show();}$('a.inifiniteLoader').hide('1000');if ( typeof receivedHTML == 'object' && receivedHTML!=null ){$("#wrap").append(html); // This will be the div where our content will be loadedvar postID = $($.parseHTML(html)).filter(".scrolltrace").attr('article-post-id');var postLink = $($.parseHTML(html)).filter(".scrolltrace").attr('articlelistlinks');var postTitle = $($.parseHTML(html)).filter(".scrolltrace").attr('articlelisttitle');$('.abody-'+postID+' .article-body-inner').children('p:first-of-type').html(function (i, html) {if ( $('.abody-'+postID).children('img').length == "0" ){var text = $('.abody-'+postID+' .article-body-inner').children('p:first-of-type').html();$('.abody-'+postID+' .article-body-inner').children('p:first-of-type').html(text.replace(/^(<.?>)?([A-Za-z0-9])/g,'$1$2'));}}); if( !$('.abody-' + postID +'').parent().parent().hasClass('textContainer_Truncate') ){$('').insertAfter('.abody-' + postID);}if($('.abody-'+postID).parent().parent()){$('.abody-'+postID).parent().parent().attr("aria-posinset", pageNumber);$('.abody-'+postID).parent().parent().attr("aria-setsize", "-1");}/* * Article Divider Count */article_divider = article_divider+1; $('.abody-'+postID+'').attr("article-number",article_divider);/*for hiding meterpaywall popups when pixel ads call starts here*/var hidePixelBool = false;var meetkatstep1 = jQuery('#paywall .step.one');var meetkatstep2 = jQuery('#paywall .step.two');var meetkatstep3 = jQuery('#paywall .step.three');var meetkatstep4 = jQuery('#paywall .step.four');if( typeof meetkatstep1!='undefined' && meetkatstep1.is(':visible') ){hidePixelBool = true;}if ( typeof meetkatstep2!='undefined' && meetkatstep2.is(':visible') ){hidePixelBool = true;}if( typeof meetkatstep3!='undefined' && meetkatstep3.is(':visible') ){hidePixelBool = true;}if( typeof meetkatstep4!='undefined' && meetkatstep4.is(':visible') ){hidePixelBool = true;}if( hidePixelBool===false ){ /*for hiding meterpaywall popups when pixel ads call ends here*//****Alternate Popup code start*********/var enable_alterpopup_check;enable_alterpopup_check ='';if( typeof(enable_alterpopup_check) != "undefined" && enable_alterpopup_check == 1 ){ var alternate_article_no;alternate_article_no = '';if( pageCounterPaywall % alternate_article_no == 0 && pageCounterPaywall!=0 ){show_lightbox('','');}}/******Alternate Popup code End********/}pageCounterPaywall++;ajaxCarousel(postID);ajaxGallery(postID);articleNLogo(postID);/** Slider Content **/flag = false;$('section.article-body:last img').each(function(){if($(this).parent("a").parent("figure").hasClass('bx-item')){ flag = true;}else{$(this).parent("a").addClass("gallery");}});if(flag){var k = $('section.article-body:last').find('.gallery-2').bxSlider({adaptiveHeight: true,adaptiveHeightSpeed: 500,infiniteLoop: false,hideControlOnEnd: false,pager: false});k.reloadSlider();}/* Slider Content End */ var usera = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if ( $('.article-page').length ) { var slickWidth = $('.article-list.slick-slide').width(); if ($('.ie9').length){ slickWidth = $('.recirc-carousel.slick-initialized.slick-slider').width(); } $('.slick-list.draggable').css({'width' : slickWidth}); if( !/android|webos|iphone|ipad|ipod|blackberry/i.test(usera) ){ $('.article-list.slick-slide').children('li').css({'width' : slickWidth}); $('.slick-list').css({'width' : slickWidth}); } } var $newArticles = $(html);var imagesLoading = [];$newArticles.find('img').each(function() {// For each image, create a new deferred object that resolves when the// image has loaded and add that to an array of deferred objects.var loadingImage = $.Deferred();imagesLoading.push(loadingImage);// "this" is the image element here and should have a complete property.// See http://stackoverflow.com/a/24201249if (this.complete){loadingImage.resolve();}else{var adTimeout = window.setTimeout(function() {loadingImage.resolve();}, 3000);this.addEventListener('load', function() {loadingImage.resolve();window.clearTimeout(adTimeout);});this.addEventListener('error', function() {// We really don't care if the image never loads, but we still need// to resolve the promise so that we can reset the waypoints.loadingImage.resolve();window.clearTimeout(adTimeout);});// Clean up event listenersthis.removeEventListener('load', function() {loadingImage.resolve();window.clearTimeout(adTimeout);});this.removeEventListener('error', function() {loadingImage.resolve();window.clearTimeout(adTimeout);});}});$.when.apply(this, imagesLoading).then(function() { fixedAds($('.postid-' + postID).children('article'));}, function() {});/**Inifnite Scroll Share This */var newSharePostID = window.__sharethis__.config['inline-share-buttons'];newSharePostID.id="inline-share-button-"+postID;newSharePostID.url= postLink;newSharePostID.title= postTitle;var shareLoadPromise = new Promise(function(resolutionFunc,rejectionFunc){resolutionFunc()});shareLoadPromise.then(function(){window.__sharethis__.load('inline-share-buttons', newSharePostID);}).then(function(){$("#inline-share-button-"+postID+" > .st-last ").removeClass("st-last");$("#inline-share-button-"+postID).append('
');});if (getCookie('SESSuserinfo') != false) {var tn_sfg_local = localStorage.getItem("tn_sfg_local");if (null != tn_sfg_local && undefined != tn_sfg_local && '' != tn_sfg_local) {tn_sfg_local = JSON.parse(tn_sfg_local);if (tn_sfg_local.includes(parseInt(postID))) {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').addClass('selected');$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}else {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}} else {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}}}}});return false;}/* * Load second article on scroll */$(window).bind('scroll', function(){$('.scrolltrace').each(function(){var post = $(this);var topp = post.position().top;var bott = post.position().top + post.height();var pos = $(window).scrollTop(); if ( pos>=topp && pos<=bott ){ $(this).removeClass('currentScr'); $(this).addClass('currentScr'); var cisCurrentArticleUrl = window.location.href; cisCurrentArticleUrl = cisCurrentArticleUrl.split("?")[0];if($('.currentScr').attr("articlelistlinks")!=cisCurrentArticleUrl){ var ua = window.navigator.userAgent;var msie = ua.indexOf("MSIE");if (msie > 0){ }else{window.history.pushState({}, "", $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks'));articlePostId = $('.currentScr').attr("article-post-id");/*New non subscriber For Infinite Scroll*/if (null != is_user_logged_in) {var tn_sfg_local = localStorage.getItem("tn_sfg_local");if (null != tn_sfg_local && undefined != tn_sfg_local && '' != tn_sfg_local) {tn_sfg_local = JSON.parse(tn_sfg_local);if (tn_sfg_local.includes(parseInt(articlePostId))) {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').addClass('selected');$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}else {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}} else {$('.currentScr').find('.tn-sfg-add-to-list').removeClass('hide');}}/*New non subscriber For Infinite Scroll*/var allSubject = $('.postid-'+articlePostId+'.currentScr input[name="tpTags"]').val();var allAuthor = $('.postid-'+articlePostId+'.currentScr input[name="tpContentAuthor"]').val();var username = getCookie('SESSname');if(username != null){_cbq.push(['_acct', 'paid']); }else{_cbq.push(['_acct', 'anon']); }pSUPERFLY.virtualPage({sections: allSubject,authors: allAuthor,path: window.location.pathname,title: $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle')});}/* Taxonomy and Author Trigger in GA Event Start */var allSubject = allSubject.split(',');$.each( allSubject, function( i, allsubval ) {gaTaxonomyAuthor( allsubval, $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle'), $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks') ); });var allAuthor = allAuthor.split(',');$.each( allAuthor, function( i, allautval ) {gaTaxonomyAuthor( allautval, $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle'), $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks') );});/* Taxonomy and Author Trigger in GA Event End *//* * Call Email Signup for infinite scroll */if( !$('.postid-'+articlePostId+' .article-body img').parent("a").parent("figure").hasClass('bx-item') ){if( !$(".abody-"+articlePostId+"").hasClass("email-signup-visited") ){email_signup_module( articlePostId );}} /* Content Page View Event */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaPageViewEvent','gaEventCategory': 'article','gaEventAction': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle'),'gaEventLabel': articlePostId,});/* Content Page View Event *//* * Article Divider Scrolled Over Total Count */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRecirculationEvent','gaEventCategory': 'recirculation','gaEventAction': 'article-divider-scrolled-over','gaEventLabel': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks'),});/* * Article Divider Scrolled Over Individual Count */article_number = $('.abody-'+articlePostId+'').attr("article-number");if (typeof article_number !== typeof undefined && article_number !== false) {dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRecirculationEvent','gaEventCategory': 'recirculation','gaEventAction': 'article-divider-scrolled-over-'+article_number+'','gaEventLabel': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks'),});}// Google Analytics for Infinite Scroll /*ga('send', 'pageview', {'page': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelistlinks'),'title': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle')});*/ga('set', 'dimension1', $('.currentScr').find('.tn_publish_date').text());ga('send', 'pageview', {'page': window.location.pathname,'title': $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle')});dataLayer.push({'event':'InfiniteScrollPageView','virtualPageURL': window.location.pathname,'virtualPageTitle' : $('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle')});$("nav.primary ul li.article-meta h2").html($('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle').substring(0,100));$("title").html($('.currentScr').attr('articlelisttitle')); var linktext = $('.currentScr').find(".anchor_subject").html();if ( linktext!='' ){var linkredirectval =$('.currentScr').find(".anchor_subject").attr('subjectlink');if(typeof linkredirectval!='undefined'){var subject_head_link = ""+linktext+"";$('.tophead_subject').html(subject_head_link);}else{var subject_head_link = "";$('.tophead_subject').html(subject_head_link);}} pageChange = parseInt(pageChange) + 1;} }else{ $(this).removeClass('currentScr');} });$current_article = $('.scrolltrace.currentScr');// Load next leaderboard ad on reach to bottom action tout if($current_article.hasClass('currentScr')){articlePostId = $('.currentScr').attr("article-post-id");var windowTop = $(window).scrollTop();if( $current_article.find('.expand-reduce').length != 0 ){if( !$('#expand-reduce-'+articlePostId+'').hasClass('expand-close') && !$('#expand-reduce-'+articlePostId+'').hasClass('tn-first-expand')){if( $('.abody-'+articlePostId+'').hasClass('keep-reading') ){/* Overflow Hidden Parent Div */$('.abody-'+articlePostId+'').parent().addClass("keep-reading-parent");/* Hide Article Footer */$('#article-footer-'+articlePostId+'').hide();/* Hide Rev Content Block */$('#tabola-block-'+articlePostId+'').hide();/* Hide aside wrap modules */$('.scrolltrace.currentScr .aside-wrap .ad-wrap').not(':eq(0)').hide();/* Show expand Reduce */$('#expand-reduce-'+articlePostId+'').show();}else{// Execute when the page loadedeval("pushDataPianoOnInfinite_"+articlePostId+"()");tp.experience.execute();}}}}var loadPoint = $('.article-body:last').offset().top - 68;if (loadPoint!=false && $(window).scrollTop() >= loadPoint){ if( $('.scrolltrace').length==count ){ loagAgn = true;if(loagAgn){count++;if(count < 6){if(preventLoad_article==false){loadArticle(count);//code}}if (count==6) {$('a.inifiniteLoader').hide();$("#article-footer-last").show();$("#single_article_footer").show();/* * Track views of article footer last */ /* * Latest form the nation */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInfiniteScrollfooterShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'infinite-scroll-footer-latest-articles','gaEventAction': 'infinite-scroll-footer-latest-articles-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});/* * Editor Picks */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInfiniteScrollfooterShowEvent','gaEventCategory': 'infinite-scroll-footer-editor-picks','gaEventAction': 'infinite-scroll-footer-editor-picks-show','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}loagAgn = false;}}}$(".wpsdc-drop-cap").parent("p").addClass("drop_c");});/* * Change Height & Text Expand Reduce */$(document).on('click', '.expand-reduce .expand-reduce-full, .expand-reduce .expand-reduce-keep', function(event){event.preventDefault();/** * Most Popular */if ( undefined !== thenationmp ) {let thenation_infinite_article_most_popular = jQuery(".thenation-single-article-most-popular");if ( null !== thenation_infinite_article_most_popular ) {thenation_infinite_article_most_popular.each(function(){thenationmp.getSingleArticleMostPopular( jQuery(this) );});}} $(this).parents('.expand-reduce').toggleClass('expand-close');var $article_id = $(this).attr('article-id');setTimeout(function (){eval("pushDataPianoOnInfinite_"+$article_id+"()");// Execute when the page loadedtp.experience.execute();/* * Related Single Article Track */relatedSingleArticle( $article_id );/* * Related Multiple Article Track */relatedMultiArticle( $article_id );/* * Current Issue Module Track */currentIssueModule( $article_id ); /* * Inline CTA One Track */inlineCtaOne( $article_id ); /* * Inline CTA Two Track */inlineCtaTwo( $article_id ); /* * Inline CTA Two Track */inlineCtaSignup( $article_id ); /* * Author Highlight Track */authorHighlight( $article_id ); /* * Series Module Track */seriesModule( $article_id );/* * Comment Module Track */commentModule( $article_id );/* * Books Salad Track */booksSalad( $article_id );/* * Action Tout Module Track */actionToutModule( $article_id );/* * Sidebar Community Module Track */sidebarCommunityModule( $article_id );}, 2000);tp.push(["setCustomVariable", "book_and_arts_article", "false"]);$('.abody-'+$article_id+'').removeClass('keep-reading');$('.abody-'+$article_id+'').removeClass('no-reading');/* Overflow Visible Parent */$('.abody-'+$article_id+'').parent().removeClass("keep-reading-parent");/* Show Article Footer */$('#article-footer-'+$article_id+'').show();/* Show Rev Content Block */$('#tabola-block-'+$article_id+'').show();/* Show aside wrap modules */$('.postid-'+$article_id+' .aside-wrap .ad-wrap').not(':eq(0)').show();/* Hide expand Reduce */$('#expand-reduce-'+$article_id+'').hide();if (sharethis_infinite.includes($article_id) === false && 0 < $("#inline-share-button-"+$article_id ).length) {var x = $("#inline-share-button-"+$article_id).children();for(var i = 0 ; i< x.length;i++){var e = x[i].getAttribute("data-network");if(e!=null){dataLayer.push({event: "gaShareThisShow",gaEventCategory: "sharethis-article-share-show",gaEventAction: "sharethis-article-share-show-" + e ,gaEventLabel: document.URL});}}sharethis_infinite.push($article_id);}}); $('body').on('click','.click_comment',function(event){event.preventDefault();/* Basic Data */var article_id = $(this).attr("article-post-id");var comment_container = $(this).closest('.article-footer').find('.commentContainer');var post_comment_list = comment_container.find('.post_comment_list');var _loader= comment_container.find('.post_comment_list_loader');var _count= $(this).find('.title');/* Check if user logged_in */$is_user_logged_in = false;$admin = getCookie('is_admin');$username = getCookie('SESSname');var free_user = getCookie('SESSfree_user');var cookieSessInfore = getCookie('SESSuserinfo');if( $username != null ){$is_user_logged_in = true;$username = Base64.decode($username);comment_container.find('.logged-in-as').find('.login_user').html($username);cookieSessInfore = Base64.decode(cookieSessInfore);cookieSessInfore = JSON.parse(cookieSessInfore);cookieSessInfore = cookieSessInfore.user_id;}if( $username !== null || $admin == "true" ){$is_user_logged_in = true;}if( $is_user_logged_in && !free_user=="1"){comment_container.find('form').show();}else{comment_container.find('.must-log-in').show();}/* Check if user logged_in */if(free_user == "1"){$('.must-log-in').html('In order to comment, you must be logged in as a paid subscriber.');}/* Open commnet section */comment_container.slideToggle('slow');/* Add close class */$(this).find('.open').toggleClass('close');/* Check for ajax call */if( post_comment_list.html().length == 0){/* Change Focus */try{comment_container.find('textarea').focus();}catch(e){}/* post_comment_list_loader */_loader.show();$.ajax({url :ajax_object.ajax_url,data:{'action' : 'article_comment_list','article_id' : article_id,"user_id" : cookieSessInfore},type:'POST',success:function( response ){if( typeof response == 'string' ){response = JSON.parse( response );if( response.status == 'success' ){_loader.hide();post_comment_list.before(response.sorting);post_comment_list.append(response.comment_list);_count.html('Comments ('+response.count+')');}else if( response.status == 'fail' ){_loader.hide();}}}});}});jQuery( ".action_tout_remove_gallery a" ).removeClass( "gallery imgHover" ).delay( 1000 );$(document).on('click','.nation_convsersation',function(event){event.preventDefault();/* Basic Data */var article_id = $(this).attr("article-id");var _click_comment = $('.postid-'+article_id+' .click_comment');var comment_container = _click_comment.closest('.article-footer').find('.commentContainer');var post_comment_list = comment_container.find('.post_comment_list');var _loader= comment_container.find('.post_comment_list_loader');var _count= _click_comment.find('.title');/* Check if user logged_in */$is_user_logged_in = false;$admin = getCookie('is_admin');$username = getCookie('SESSname');var free_user = getCookie('SESSfree_user');var cookieSessInfore = getCookie('SESSuserinfo');if( $username != null ){$is_user_logged_in = true;$username = Base64.decode($username);comment_container.find('.logged-in-as').find('.login_user').html($username);cookieSessInfore = Base64.decode(cookieSessInfore);cookieSessInfore = JSON.parse(cookieSessInfore);cookieSessInfore = cookieSessInfore.user_id;}if( $username !== null || $admin == "true" ){$is_user_logged_in = true;}if( $is_user_logged_in && !free_user == "1"){comment_container.find('form').show();}else{comment_container.find('.must-log-in').show();}/* Check if user logged_in */if(free_user == "1"){$('.must-log-in').html('In order to comment, you must be logged in as a paid subscriber.');}/* Open commnet section */comment_container.slideToggle('slow');/* Add close class */$('html, body').animate({scrollTop: _click_comment.offset().top},2000);_click_comment.find('.open').toggleClass('close');/* Check for ajax call */if( post_comment_list.html().length == 0){/* Change Focus */try{comment_container.find('textarea').focus();}catch(e){}/* post_comment_list_loader */_loader.show();$.ajax({url :ajax_object.ajax_url,data:{'action' : 'article_comment_list','article_id' : article_id,'user_id' : cookieSessInfore},type:'POST',success:function( response ){if( typeof response == 'string' ){response = JSON.parse( response );if( response.status == 'success' ){_loader.hide();post_comment_list.before(response.sorting);post_comment_list.append(response.comment_list);_count.html('Comments ('+response.count+')');}else if( response.status == 'fail' ){_loader.hide();}}}});}});$(".social-share-icon").click(function(){$(".nav-toggle, .logo").toggleClass("hidden");$(".share-icons").toggleClass("slide-share");$(".header-bar a.social-sharing").toggleClass("share-icons-close"); });/* * Click Event Tracking for Related Single Article */ $(document).on('click', '.related-oneup-click',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRelatedSingleArticleEvent','gaEventCategory': 'related-single-article','gaEventAction': 'related-single-article-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});}); /* * Click Event Tracking for Related Multi Article */ $(document).on('click', '.related-multi-click',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaRelatedMultiArticleEvent','gaEventCategory': 'related-multi-article','gaEventAction': 'related-multi-article-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});}); /* * Click Event Tracking for Current Issue */ $(document).on('click', '.magazine_button a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaCurrentIssueModuleEvent','gaEventCategory': 'current-issue-module','gaEventAction': 'current-issue-module-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).find('input').val(),});}); /* * Click Event Tracking for In-line CTA 1 */ $(document).on('click', '.inline-cta-1 .cta a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaOneEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-1','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-1-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).find('input').val(),});}); /* * Click Event Tracking for In-line CTA 2 */ $(document).on('click', '.inline-cta-2 .cta a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaTwoEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-2','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-2-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).find('input').val(),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for In-line CTA Signup */ $(document).on('click', '.inline-cta_form .cta a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInlineCtaSignupEvent','gaEventCategory': 'inline-cta-signup','gaEventAction': 'inline-cta-signup-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).find('input').val(),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Footer Last Latest From NAtion */ $(document).on('click', '#article-footer-last .latest-from h3 a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInfiniteScrollfooterEvent','gaEventCategory': 'infinite-scroll-footer-latest-articles','gaEventAction': 'infinite-scroll-footer-latest-articles-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Footer Last Editor Picks */ $(document).on('click', '#article-footer-last .editors-picks h3 a, #article-footer-last .editors-picks .story a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaInfiniteScrollfooterEvent','gaEventCategory': 'infinite-scroll-footer-editor-picks','gaEventAction': 'infinite-scroll-footer-editor-picks-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Author Highlight */ $(document).on('click', '.author-modules .newrelated-blocks > a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaAuthorHighlight','gaEventCategory': 'author-Highlight','gaEventAction': 'author-Highlight-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Series Module */ $(document).on('click', '.series-modules .series-modules-blocks .series-blocks > a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaSeriesModule','gaEventCategory': 'series-module','gaEventAction': 'series-module-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).attr('href'),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Comment Module */ $(document).on('click', '.comment-module .comment-blocks .cta input',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaCommentsModule','gaEventCategory': 'comments-module','gaEventAction': 'comments-module-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).val(),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Books Salad */ $(document).on('click', '.book-module .newrelated-blocks a',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaBooksSalad','gaEventCategory': 'books-salad','gaEventAction': 'books-salad-click','gaEventLabel': $(this).parent().parent().find('h5').text(),});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Action Tout Module */ $(document).on('click', 'aside.takeaction .cta input',function(){/* * Click Event */ dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaActionToutModule','gaEventCategory': 'action-tout-module','gaEventAction': 'action-tout-module-click','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});});/* * Click Event Tracking for Keep Reading 2/3/4/5 */ $(document).on('click', '.expand-reduce a',function(){var article_number = $(this).parents('.scrolltrace').find('.article-body').attr('article-number');if (typeof article_number !== typeof undefined && article_number !== false) {/* * Click Event */dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaKeepReading','gaEventCategory': 'keep-reading','gaEventAction': 'keep-reading-'+article_number+'-click','gaEventLabel': document.URL,});}});/* * Article Email Sign Up */$(document).on('click','.para_one_button_email',function(){/* * Track Click On Sign Up Button GTM */var current_email_signup = $(this).parents(".email-signup-module"); var current_step = current_email_signup.attr("data-section");var article_id = $(this).parents("#url-title").parent().attr("article-post-id");paragraphOneClickEvent(article_id, current_step);var email = current_email_signup.find("#para-one-email-input-"+current_step+"").val();var sailthru_list = current_email_signup.find("#para-one-sailthru-list-"+current_step+"").val();var current_parent = $(this).parent();if( email!='' && typeof email!==typeof undefined){jQuery.ajax({url :ajax_object.ajax_url,type :"POST",data :"sailthru_email_take_action="+email+"&take_action_sailthru_list_final="+sailthru_list+"&action=action_tout_sailthru",success : function(data){if( data.indexOf('errormsg') > 0 ){current_parent.find('.footer_email_error').html(data);}else{/* * Track Successful Sign Up GTM */if( typeof article_id !== typeof undefined && typeof current_step !== typeof undefined && (typeof paragraph_module !== typeof undefined) && (paragraph_module[article_id][current_step].event_name!="") ){dataLayer.push({'event': 'gaParagraphOneEvent','gaEventCategory': ''+ paragraph_module[article_id][current_step].event_name +'','gaEventAction': ''+ paragraph_module[article_id][current_step].event_name +'-list','gaEventLabel': email,});}var nextTNstep = parseInt(current_step)+1;nextTNstep = ( nextTNstep > 5 )? 0 : nextTNstep;var step = getParaOneNextStep(article_id, nextTNstep);var cookieDateTNstep = new Date();cookieDateTNstep.setTime(cookieDateTNstep.getTime() + (30*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNstep="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNstep.toUTCString()+";path=/";var cookieDateTNlifetime = new Date();cookieDateTNlifetime.setTime(cookieDateTNlifetime.getTime() + (10*365*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNlifetime="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNlifetime.toUTCString()+";path=/";$(".abody-"+article_id+" .email-signup-module").hide();current_email_signup.next("#para-one-thankyou-"+article_id+"").show();}}});}else{current_parent.find('.footer_email_error').html('Please Enter Email');}});/* * Paragraph one other module */$(document).on('click','.para_one_button',function(){/* * Track Click On Sign Up Button GTM */var current_step = $(this).parents(".email-signup-module").attr("data-section");var article_id = $(this).parents("#url-title").parent().attr("article-post-id");var nextTNstep = parseInt(current_step)+1;nextTNstep = ( nextTNstep > 5 )? 0 : nextTNstep;var step = getParaOneNextStep(article_id, nextTNstep);var cookieDateTNstep = new Date();cookieDateTNstep.setTime(cookieDateTNstep.getTime() + (30*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNstep="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNstep.toUTCString()+";path=/";var cookieDateTNlifetime = new Date();cookieDateTNlifetime.setTime(cookieDateTNlifetime.getTime() + (10*365*24*60*60*1000));document.cookie = "TNlifetime="+step+";expires="+cookieDateTNlifetime.toUTCString()+";path=/";paragraphOneClickEvent(article_id, current_step);});$(document).on('click','.inline_cta_signup',function(){var current_email_signup = $(this).parents(".inline-cta-form-module"); var article_id = $(this).parents("#url-title").parent().attr("article-post-id");$(".inline_cta__form_error_"+article_id).html("");$(".inline_cta__form_toperror_"+article_id).html("");var email = $("#inline_cta__email_"+article_id).val();var sailthru_list = $("#inline_cta__sail_list_"+article_id).val();var current_parent = $(this).parent();if( email!='' && typeof email!==typeof undefined){if(!isValidEmailAddress(email)){$(".inline_cta__form_error_"+article_id).html('
Please Enter Correct Email Address
');}else{jQuery.ajax({url :ajax_object.ajax_url,type :"POST",data :"article_id="+article_id+"&email="+email+"&list="+sailthru_list+"&action=inlinecta-signup",success : function(data){if( data.indexOf('errormsg') > 0 ){$(".inline_cta__form_error_"+article_id).html(data);}else{$(".inline_cta__signup_module_"+article_id).hide();if (data.indexOf('verify_email') > 0) {$("#inline_cta__form_thanks"+article_id).html(data);}$("#inline_cta__form_thanks"+article_id).show();}}});}}else{$(".inline_cta__form_error_"+article_id).html('
Please Enter Email
');}});});function isJSON(string){try {JSON.parse(string);} catch (e) {return false;}return true;}
x
Latest from the nation
Yesterday 11:30 am
Mississippi Goddamn
Steve BrodnerTwitter
Yesterday 10:56 am
Is It Time to Cancel Football?
Robert Lipsyte
Yesterday 10:47 am
Sarah Huckabee Sanders, You’re No Jack Kennedy
Jeet HeerTwitter
FAQs
What is globalism history? ›
Globalization is an historical process that began with the first movement of people out of Africa into other parts of the world. Traveling short or long distances, migrants, merchants and others have delivered their ideas, customs and products to new lands.
What is the timeline of history of globalization? ›Friedman divides the history of globalization into three periods: Globalization 1.0 (1492–1800), Globalization 2.0 (1800–2000) and Globalization 3.0 (2000–present).
What are the 3 types of globalization? ›...
There are three types of globalization.
- Economic globalization. ...
- Political globalization. ...
- Cultural globalization.
However, globalization can also have negative effects on society, such as increased income inequality and substandard working conditions in developing countries that produce goods for wealthier nations.
What is the main idea of globalism? ›Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
What is the point of globalism? ›It is used by political scientists, such as Joseph Nye, to describe "attempts to understand all the interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain) them." While primarily associated with world-systems, it can be used to describe other global trends.
What are the 5 stages of globalization? ›Elements of economic globalization
The growth in cross-border economic activities takes five principal forms: (1) international trade; (2) foreign direct investment; (3) capital market flows; (4) migration (movement of labor); and (5) diffusion of technology (Stiglitz, 2003).
- Phase 1: Humanising the globe (300,000 BCE–10,000 BCE) ...
- Phase 2: Localising the global economy (10,000 BCE–1820 CE) ...
- Phase 3: Globalising local economies (1820–1990) ...
- Phase 4: Globalising factories (1990–present)
glob·al·ism ˈglō-bə-ˌli-zəm. : a national policy of treating the whole world as a proper sphere for political influence compare imperialism, internationalism. globalist.
What does globalism refer to? ›Noun. globalism (countable and uncountable, plural globalisms) An ideology based on the belief that people, goods and information ought to be able to cross national borders unfettered. A socio-economic system dedicated to free trade and free access to markets.
Who benefits from globalism? ›
Businesses gain a great deal from globalization, including new customers and diverse revenue streams. Companies interested in these benefits look for flexible and innovative ways to grow their business overseas.
Is globalism a good thing? ›Globalization has increased awareness among global consumers of different opportunities for investment, economic trends, and new products. Socially, globalization provides populations around the world with better interconnectedness. Culturally, it promotes the increase in the exchange of values and ideas.